Soluble TNF-? (mouse, recombinant)

Territorial Availability: Available through Bertin Technologies only in France

• Correlated keywords
  • TNF? TNFR 1 2 p 38 NF?B AP1 cyclooxygenase procoagulant RA Tnfsf1a tnfsf 1a 2
• Product Overview:
  TNF-? is a cytokine and a member of the TNF/TNF receptor (TNFR) cytokine superfamily.{54137} TNF-? is produced as a 233-amino acid transmembrane precursor protein from which mature, soluble TNF-? is formed by proteolysis.{54138} Soluble TNF-? is a 157-amino acid polypeptide, cleaved from the precursor protein on the extracellular side of the membrane, that forms bell-shaped homotrimers with the C-termini at the base, each containing three receptor interaction sites.{54139} It is primarily produced by activated macrophages but can also be produced by a variety of other cells, such as T cells, natural killer cells, and osteoblasts.{54139,54140} TNF-? binds to and activates its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are associated with intracellular protein complexes that activate caspases to induce cell death, induce p38 MAPK signaling, and initiate NF-?B or AP-1-mediated transcription of immune and inflammatory mediators.{54141} TNF-? promotes inflammation partly by inducing endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules, COX enzymes, and pro-coagulant factors.{54140} Exogenous TNF-? induces death of cancer cells in vitro, as well as disrupts tumor vascularization and induces necrosis in vivo, but it has tumor promoting properties when produced in the cancer microenvironment.{54143,54137} In contrast, it plays a role in resistance to infection, with mice lacking Tnf having an increased susceptibility to certain microbial infections but lacking resistance to leishmania.{54141} Tnf knockout mice are also resistant to certain types of cancer, including chemically induced skin carcinogenesis.{54137} TNF-? increases lung metastases in a mouse model of fibrosarcoma, an effect that can be reduced by an anti-TNF-? antibody. Mice overexpressing Tnf develop an arthritis similar to rheumatoid arthritis in humans.{54142} TNF-? is produced in the inflamed tissues of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and neutralizing antibodies to TNF-? reduce the levels of TNF-? in vitro and in mouse models of the disease.{54140} Cayman’s Soluble TNF-? (mouse, recombinant) protein can be used for cell-based assay applications. This protein consists of 157 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 17 kDa.