Citrullinated GRP78 (human recombinant)

Citrullinated GRP78 (human recombinant)

CAT N°: 25107
Price:

822.00 698.70

Glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone that is ubiquitously expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells.{36130,36131,36132} GRP78 can be citrullinated at its 27 arginine residues by protein deiminases (PADs).{37332} The accumulation of citrullinated proteins in vivo leads to the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) which perpetuate the inflammatory process.{32067} In vitro, ACPAs bind to citrullinated GRP78 expressed on the cell surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells PMBCs and U937 cells leading to the production of TNF-?.{37330,37331} In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), anti-citrullinated GRP78 antibodies are found in the serum.{37332} Pre-immunization with citrullinated GRP78 prior to CIA induction shortens the time to joint inflammation and increases arthritis scores compared with non-citrullinated GRP78-immunized and non-immunized control mice. In autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, patient-derived serum contains higher levels of anti-citrullinated GRP78 antibodies than serum derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy controls.{37332}

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