Citrinin-¹³C₁₃

Territorial Availability: Available through Bertin Technologies only in France

Technical Warning: Bertin Technologies restricts the sale of this product to licensed controlled substance laboratories and qualified academic research institutions. Please contact us for further details.

Special Advice: Please check regulation status before ordering; additionel fees can apply.

• Synonyms
  • (3R,4S)-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-tri(methyl-13C)-6-oxo-4,6-dihydro-3H-isochromene-7-carboxylic-13C9 acid
• Correlated keywords
  • Citrinin13C13 Staphylococcus Enterococcus Cryptococcus Hep G2
• Product Overview:
  Citrinin-13C13 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of citrinin (Item No. 11320) by GC- or LC-MS. Citrinin is a mycotoxin that has been found in Monascus and has diverse biological activities.{58148,58149,58150,58151} It is active against S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), rifampicin-resistant S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (MICs = 1.95, 3.9, 0.97, and 7.81 µg/ml, respectively), as well as the pathogenic yeast C. neoformans (MIC = 3.9 µg/ml).{58149} It is cytotoxic to a variety of cells in vitro, including bovine kidney cells and mice embryonic stem cells.{58151} Citrinin (30 µM) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, effects that can be blocked by the antioxidant resveratrol.{58150} In contrast, citrinin reduces glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1,000 nM and inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells at 0.625 to 40 µM.{58151} It is toxic to brine shrimp larvae (LD50 = 96 µg/ml), as well as to rats and mice with oral LD50 values of 50 and 87-105 mg/kg, respectively.{58149,58151} It induces reproductive abnormalities in male mice and toxic effects in the liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tracts of various animals.{58151} Citrinin has been found in stored cereal grains, as well as beans, fruit, and herbs.